Virtual Server vs. Dedicated Server vs. Shared Hosting

July 26th, 2010

A Virtual Private Server, or vps, is a hosting alternative to dedicated servers and shared hosting. Vps, as its name implies, is a virtual server, whereby you have all the conveniences and power of a dedicated server, but without the higher cost and the hassles that come with the latter.  Vps is also a big step above shared hosting, the cheapest hosting choice that comes with all the problems inherent in sharing a computer with a large number of users.

Latter day virtual servers enable hosting companies to give you an exclusive block of disk space and limits each customer’s RAM usage, unlike in a shared hosting situation. The server’s cpus are used in the same way as for shared hosting, however.  The way top vps hosting companies insure that your web sites’ traffic spikes and those of other customers do not result in performance problems is by using burstable memory. That is, when memory usage reaches a threshold, reserve memory will be used.

When you are logged into your virtual server, it is hard to differentiate the experience from that of having a dedicated server, since the file system and the applications look identical. Everything you can run on your own dedicated machine you can also run on a vps, with very few exceptions. Since a vps runs within its own “jail”, anything that transpires within your vps has no effect on the host machine, so if your virtual kernel crashes, you will just remote reboot it just as you would if it was a dedicated server.

So, which should you choose? If you want to host a slew of different sites, or run your own server applications and scripts without any restrictions, or have a site with a serious amount of traffic, that pretty much eliminates shared hosting. The big advantage of vps when compared to a dedicated server is that if you need more ram or disk space, you don’t have to copy,  reinstall and re-configure everything on a new server, or pay big bucks to the hosting company to install more memory chips or an extra disk. Instead, you just bump-up your hosting plan. In addition, maintaining your own server means acting as your own sys admin, which is time consuming and more involved than what you are looking for.

Next time you are looking for hosting, consider the vps option

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PhpLinkDirectory Reviewed

July 5th, 2010

Generally, I steer clear from writing reviews that might be construed as rants, but my experience with PhpLinkDirectory, a php-based package I recently bought, has been so negative it’s going to be very difficult to sound even slightly positive!

PhpLinkDirectory is the most widely used software for running one’s own link directory web site. It’s entirely written in php and uses Mysql as the database. Most people use the free version, which is a much older edition (2.2) of the software, which obligates you to display a link back to phplinkdirectory.com. If you want the latest version, 4.0, you have to pay either 30 dollars with the link back, or 80 dollars without the link. Each download is for one site only, so if you want to create two different directories, you have to buy two licenses. In my case, I chose to buy two 30 dollar licenses, as I planned to create two directories and didn’t mind giving them the link back.

I started regretting my purchase decision right away, as the steps I had to go through to buy the software proved to be the most long drawn and twisted I’ve ever had to endure buying anything over the web. The first step was the payment, no problem there, but then you’re obliged to register for a site account and wait for a confirm email in which you’ll click on a link, before being able to download anything. Then you’re asked to sign-up for the phplinkdirectory forum (yet another confirm email), which it turns-out is the only means for support. You’re also asked to enter the URL of the site where you’ll install each download of the software, which is the only place where you can install it, you’re told.  Maybe you didn’t get a domain yet? Too bad! If you’re not already exhausted by the convoluted buying process, now you have to wait for each package to be generated and appear in your online account page. This can take a while, you’re told. Why is it I can buy software from Microsoft online with a few clicks, but acquiring a mere php script package from phplinkdirectory feel like you‘re being screened for the Pentagon? It would seem the program’s author is excessively worried about being scammed, treating every comer as a potential terrorist.

Installing the software appeared to be simple, but the instructions appear to have been scalped from an older version and contain errors. For instance, you’re told to change permissions on a configuration script that doesn’t exist yet — you have to rename another file, but you’re only told to do this further on. When I overcame this small (but sloppy) obstacle, I launched the web-based installer and sailed through the rest of the installation process until the last screen, where you’re given a list of choices, one of which will trigger an error. It’s an inconsequential error, but as I program for a living, I easily deduced this, but I shudder at the thought of non-programmers panicking when faced with this same situation. WordPress, a free blog management program, can be installed by a complete novice, but Phplinkdirectory appears to dispense with niceties.

At this point I was ready to start creating categories and populating them with links. Rather than entering all the link information from scratch, you have the option of using a “spider” tool. You can either enter keywords and get Google search results, or enter a Dmoz category, and you’ll get results returned inside a form, which you can then edit and add to your directory. This is a nice feature, but it has the nasty habit of truncating all site URLs to the domain for Google, and inserting bogus email addresses (webmaster@) which you’ll have to edit out. Note that if you use any titles or descriptions from Dmoz, their rules stipulate that you have to give them credit, something that phplinkdirectory doesn’t make mention of.

I created a bunch of categories and added links and didn’t encounter any problems. Then I decided to mess with the template, or site theme if you will. The software ships with two themes, neither of which is particularly attractive. The management interface doesn’t tell you how to get more templates, but I found out the hard way that on the phplinkdirectory web site  (once logged-in), there’s a small bunch of templates you can obtain free. None are terribly sexy, but several are better than the default templates. Unlike free programs like WordPress, you can’t just download and install a new template directly from the web manager. Instead, you have to download the archive from their site, then upload it to your server and unpack it there inside the templates directory. Again, not a problem for me, but this could be intimidating for some. As we said earlier, phplinkdirectory is short on niceties! You’ll minimally want to substitute the template’s logo and logo image for your own, and if you use Google Analytics, add the required JavaScript code. Edit the templates, simple enough! Ah, but the programmer made the fateful decision of using Smarty for his templates, rather than a straight-up php and html mix. Smarty is a pseudo language, which means that a php script will parse the template before its output, which is of course a lot slower. Thus, when you look at the template code, it’ll be a bunch of gibberish. You can’t just add html to a phplinkdirectory template, because Smarty will crap-out. You’ll have to wrap your html in a set of {literal} tags. To do anything more complex, you’ll have to learn Smarty! It would have very simple for the programmer to add a form in which you could easily change things such as the logo, but then again, no niceties.

Perhaps inspired by popular CMS packages, including WordPress, phplinkdirectory has a number of widgets, which you can stick to areas of the pages. For example, if you want the newest links added to be displayed in either the left or right sidebar, there’s a widget you can activate and assign to that area (or “zone”). A number of widgets come with the package, and although the web manager again gives no hint of this, there’s a bunch more you can download from the site. Similar to templates, you have to download the widget archive and unpack it, this time in the widgets directory. Unlike templates, you can’t edit the widget’s source code from the web manager, but you can configure the widget’s custom features via the latter. One type of widget that’s sorely lacking is a text widget, where you could enter your own html and/or php (not Smarty, please!).

Up to this point, everything seemed fine, but I have to tell you that on both sites where I used phplinkdirectory I ran into mysterious fatal errors on several occasions that forced me to reinstall the package from scratch. This typically happened after changing or activating something in the configuration using the web manager. The web manager itself never crashed, but the directory itself simply exits (the blank page syndrome). There’s no hint in any log of what went wrong, and as I have a full time job as well as manage several web sites, I don’t have time to go debugging somebody else’s software. I posted the issue in the phplinkdirectory support forum, but months have passed without a response. Somehow, I’m not surprised. Seeing hours of work go to waste several times over is enraging enough, let alone when you paid for the privilege. On one such occasion, I did trace the error to the script that runs widgets, but I don’t know if this was the case every time, as the configuration edits that caused the crashes didn’t always involve widgets.

I’ve virtually given up on phplinkdirectory now, as a recent glitch cooked its goose for me. I recently upgraded my server’s php and Apache using yum, as one should do regularly. My WordPress sites worked normally after this operation, but phplinkdirectory? I tried creating a new category, and instead of doing that, it edited and mangled its parent category. Again, I don’t have time to chase this anymore, so I give up! I strongly suspect that phplinkdirectory 4.0 contains deprecated php instructions, but I’m not motivated to verify my theory!

That said, I do know that the free version of phplinkdirectory, although an antique, is stable from having dealt with it for clients, thus if you need a directory software package, that’s the better option. Alternatively, you could buy one of the competition’s offerings, eSyndicat or Indexu. I can’t comment on either since I haven’t tried them out for size, but I promise I’ll tell you all about them once I do!

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Which Traffic Stats and Auditing Tools Should you Use for your Web Site?

May 8th, 2010

All webmasters need to know what kind of traffic their web sites are getting. The choices to keep tabs on site statistics are varied, but there’s three that are completely free and among the most widely used: Awstats, Sitemeter, and Google Analytics. Awstats is a program written in perl for all platforms, while both Sitemeter and Google Analytics are web-based tools requiring no installation.

Image by Christian Ferrari

If you don’t run your own server, and your hosting company doesn’t provide Awstats pre-installed, it isn’t going to be your solution and you’ll have to use one of the web-based services instead.  If you do have a shell account but are too intimidated to do anything that involves typing commands into a non-graphical interface, then once again stick to the web-based options. If you’re looking for the most comprehensive statistics, Awstats does  generate the most in-depth reports for a single site.  Awstats needs to be set-up as a daily recurring job (crontab in Linux/Unix servers), and uses your server’s log files. It supports Apache style logs as well as those produce by IIS (Windows) and even parses and produces statistics from mail logs. You run an interactive non-GUI configuration script to install Awstats on your server. If you want to get more sophisticated geographical statistics, you’ll need to install one of the geo plugins (perl modules, in reality) and the corresponding database. MaxMind offers its free geoip database and perl module. Because Awstats uses your web server’s logs, it won’t have any statistical holes such as can happen with web-based services. With a web-based service, the visitor’s browser could fail to download the javascript, either accidentally or by  filtering it out, that is needed to report the user’s activity back to the stats provider’s site. Awstats can also give you statistics on the many robots that visited your site, whereas a web-based tracker can’t provide such data since spiders don’t download javascript files, let alone interpret them.

Sitemeter has been around for many years and until Google Analytics came along, it was the favorite statistical tool used by hundreds of thousands of bloggers. All you have to do to get this free service is to sign-up on their site and then paste a bit of javascript in your site’s footer, so that accesses to all pages get metered. Each account you open can only cover one site, thus if you have ten sites, you’ll have to register ten times. To view your sites’ statistics, you have to log-in to their web site.  Once there you can view details on the most recent activity on your site. Statistics for previous days or months are limited to totals. A lot of the other statistics are limited to the last 100 visitors to your site. Thus, you can see that someone from Japan visited recently, but you can’t tell how many Japanese visited in the last hour, day or week. You can get enhanced statistics only by upgrading to a more advanced plan, which of course involves a monthly payment. Apart from these limitations, Sitemeter has  been frequently criticized for throwing a copious number of tracking cookies at your site’s visitors on behalf of an advertiser, SpecificClick.net.

Google is the most trusted entity on the Internet, and thus it’s no surprise that its Analytics service has quickly become the main site traffic  tracking  tool used by most sites. Analytics requires that you register for a Google mail account and paste a bit of javascript into your site’s footer, similar to Sitemeter. You view your accumulated statistics via their web site, also like Sitemeter. The major difference between Analytics and Sitemeter, is that you can access all your web sites’ statistics via the same interface, whereas Sitemeter requires a different log-in for each.  Having everything in one place is a great convenience.  Analytics gives you every feature up front and free. No need to buy an upgrade.  You can review detailed statistics for any date or date range, even well in the past, something that’s not possible with Sitemeter’s free plan. There is one drawback to Analytics, although it’s rather insignificant: statistics are compiled only once a day. Sitemeter allows you to see the latest activity, but the truth is, that’s not so useful except to determine if there’s any problem with your site.  Many big name sites use Google Analytics.

To resume, a statistical compiler such as Awstats is a lot more complicated to set-up, but does provide the most reliable and complete data. On the other hand, web-based statistical sites are extremely easy to set-up and use, but can’t provide stats on anything that isn’t a web page, such as images, flash, or Java applets, and also can’t keep track of accesses by web crawlers. The best option among the web-based stats services is Google Analytics. However, if you have a site with a lot of traffic and need hard core traffic reports, use Awstats. You can still use Google Analytics as a secondary source of statistics.

If you also need  to have a credible external audit of your site’s traffic, perhaps to show the public, the competition, or a potential buyer that you’re a serious contender,  you’ll have to use a reputable web-based auditing service for this. You can sign-up for a free account at Quancast, or pay hefty fees to services like Nielsen, comScore or Compete. Typically, you’ll have to paste some javascript into your site’s footer. Hopefully, such code won’t clash with your Analytics or Sitemeter javascript, but if you really need an an audit service, it’s worth switching to using Awstats for your internal traffic reports.

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Should you Start your Own Directory?

April 28th, 2010

One of the easiest web sites to launch is a link directory. Just download one of the free or inexpensive php software package, install, configure, add some categories, add some links and you’re off! Having your own directory isn’t a bad idea, for a number of reasons which I’ll outline.

Photo by Carl Dwyer

Directories attract motivated users, who are eager to promote their own web sites. Just today, there were almost 82,000* new domains registered in just six of the top level domains (.com,.net,etc.) Of these, a large number will surely wind-up being used for web sites. Add to that the thousands of new hosted blogs and web pages, and you have many thousands of new web sites being born each day, and therefore thousands of webmasters looking to generate backlinks to get their sites on the Internet map. All of them will surely submit their links to the big league search engines and directories, but a fair percentage will also seek to add them to as many not so popular directories. A part of this traffic could be directed at your new directory without much effort on your part. I don’t know of any type of web site that doesn’t contain nudity and can attract traffic so quickly.

Now that you know that your directory can be a traffic magnet, you can use it to increase backlinks and traffic to your other sites . One of the ways you can do this is by requiring or suggesting a “three way” reciprocal link to another of your web sites. Requiring it will lose you some people, but on the other hand some will comply, whereas if you make it optional, the vast majority will decline. If you prefer, you can require a backlink to the directory itself, but one way links are usually preferable not just for you, but also for the one submitting. You can also give your other sites a boost by adding links to them in the directory. Since you’re the boss, you can give them a more prominent placement by making them featured links. You can also add “deep links” to them, that is URLs other than the main one. Deep links are said to be rated higher as backlinks by major search engines.

Always set your directory to accept only opt-in submissions. That is, submitters must include a valid email address and then receive an email with a confirmation link they must follow. By requiring an email, you build a mailing list which you can legitimately send messages to, being careful not to abuse this privilege. Such messages can have links to your other sites, or the directory itself, effectively recycling the submitters rather than letting them disappear forever. One way to keep in touch is to have an e-newsletter which provides directory or seo updates. If it includes interesting and useful content, adding advertising shouldn’t result in protests. Building email lists comes with a warning label: A fair number of emails you’ll get will be throwaway addresses that the submitter uses only for this sort of thing. In other words, the user won’t be reading your newsletters. You can safely presume any address containing the word “spam” is bogus, but beyond that it’s virtually impossible to filter bogus emails just using your eyes. Although it would be possible to compile a list of such domains and reject any address whose hostname part matches, your directory software won’t have support for such filtering.

Of course, you have to be careful to not turn your directory into a link spam generator. Start by making it a niche or language-specific directory, specializing in certain kinds of sites. The temptation is to accept all links submitted by making it a general directory in an effort to maximize the number submissions you get, but you can have it both ways: create a separate category tree for unrelated sites. Whatever don’t make a clone of Dmoz, or even a portion of Dmoz. Create your own original directory structure and populate the categories with your own carefully picked links. Human edited directories are genuine, whereas clones will tend to get sneered at.

You’ll need extreme patience managing your own directory, since you’re guaranteed to receive buckets of spammy links. You recognize spam when you see the same ip address for a big batch of submissions, or a bunch of sites dealing with the same or similar topic, or from the same description being used for a series of links. The proper course of action is to mark these links as spam, a function which your directory software should support. It’s unlikely the big name sites will submit their link to your lowly directory, thus in the interest of maintaining a high quality database, you should first populate it yourself with as many relevant , quality links as you can.

I don’t want to mislead you, any web site needs to be promoted to succeed, and directories aren’t any different. You’ll have to go through the motions and submit your directory’s link to a big bunch of other directories to get things started, and use every other means to get exposure. Listing your site in directories of directories such Directorycritic, is particularly important, as that’s where a lot of new site owners will be looking for places to submit their link. You could also suggest your directory to a multitude of site submission services and programs, but only do this if you have some use for the email addresses this will generate, since the people who submit to your directory via such services actually won’t visit your site. A robot will submit their data for them. Most submission services stick to the big name search engines and directories, but there some who submit to up to several hundred lesser known directories using a specific directory software.

Which directory software package should you get? Well, the choices are quite limited if you’re looking for something that’s relatively easy to install and configure, as well as having a lot of features. Almost everybody uses either Phplinkdirectory, eSyndicat, or Indexu, all of which are php-mysql based. eSyndicat sells for 75 USD for a one site license, Phplinkdirectory will set you back 80 dollars per site, while Indexu charges the most at 99 USD per site. However, Phplinkdirectory offers a cheaper version, at 30 dollars per site, but that means you’ll have to display a link back to their site. They also offer a free, much older version. Indexu is the only one that’s lets you try their full version for free., though the other two do have online demos you can preview. All three products have a variety of free plugins to extend your directory’s functionality, as well as templates. It’s very difficult to say which of the packages you should pick, though I would put Phplinkdirectory in the third spot owing to my personal experience with the product and the company, which I’ll be writing about in an upcoming article.

Now, go ahead and start your own directory!

* Source: domaintools.com

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eHOW Members: An Unhappy Bunch!

April 14th, 2010

eHOW recently switched to using Demand Studios for content rather than accept direct contributions from its members. The move stunned eHOW users, leaving many of them angry while others feeling confused, and yet others used the incident as an opportunity to plug competing sites. I had joined eHOW less than a month ago and never got the chance to submit any “how to” articles since their editing interface wasn’t working. However, I did have the chance to ask active members for their reaction to the sudden turn of events at eHOW.

Photo by Derek Kimball

Note that a number of members have been accepted automatically into Demand Studios if they met certain performance criteria during the time they wrote articles for eHOW . Most of those who responded to my query weren’t accepted and thus would have to apply for acceptance at Demand Studios through an application that even requires the upload of a c.v. Not all the users who were pre-accepted were jubilant. Dustin, who qualified for Demand Studios responds: “No, I won’t be publishing any new articles through DS due to the fact that as soon as you publish a new article you lose all ownership rights and can’t supply YOUR content anywhere else…” Most members would fit into the same category as Dustin, authors who syndicate their articles to many different sites, thus having to submit exclusive content is a sticking point for them. However, exclusivity only applies to paid assignments by Demand Studios, as opposed to completely original works.

Some members are deleting the content they uploaded to eHow before the switch, such as images, worried about losing their copyright to Demand Studios . One such user told me “You are selling everything (for a few cents) to Demand — but they can use your works anywhere and not pay you anymore“.

formythreeboyz, one of many confused members, writes “Not too sure what I plan on doing. I got really excited and had a lot of fun writing for Ehow…I am just waiting to hear what I am supposed to do next.” Another user expressed fear of Demand Studios’ application process: “As their name says, they are very demanding and I don’t qualify“. While still another worries about their true intentions: “I would just be providing them with information for their email marketing list, which they might sell to others“. Finally, there’s the member who claims eHow deliberately deleted articles, causing users to not qualify for automatic participation in Demand Studios. Snowfence believes eHow’s future is bleak: “What is eHow supposed to become now? A playground?! Geez…

Some eHOW writers are more hopeful about the change. ” I am hoping this switch will at least correct ALL the publishing issues. It is no fun when Ehow never seemed to work properly.“, writes one of them. Could the notorious technical flaws have been one of the things that prompted them to abandon the community format that had been so successful?

Cynicism abounds among the disenchanted members, one of which, John, says: “So now I can’t write for eHow or Demand Studios! Oh well, I’m going to focus on writing for myself!” Did eHOW err? To quote one member: “Overall I am sad to see a good thing come to an end.”

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